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MUSES AND THANKS - AND BEAUTY HARMONY OF ART

The civilization the Greek has evolved in the field of philosophy, art and perception to find the embodiment the supreme beauty and harmony. In the context of human inspiration, the Greeks considered the art and beauty divine gifts from the gods, who at one point of giving them conveyed to mortals through specific entities.
The creative inspiration of the people was given by the Muses and the Graces, mythological beings who constitute one of the most beautiful views that the Hellenic culture invented to symbolize the power of creation of the mind. Muses and Graces draw the man who had the most beautiful in your heart, making poets of the shepherds, the brutal warrior smooth singers, sculptors navigators of a work almost perfect.
In ancient meaning of the legends, the Muses were nymphs inhabitants of the woods and mountains, living near the rivers and springs. Beautiful and harmonious, walked through valleys bucolic beauty and poetic inspiration, and at one stage of Greek culture, elevated to deities of inspirational poetry and song.
The Greek poet expressed his poetry through song and music, which also made the Muses singers and songs, creative dances excels. In the most complete version of the myth the Muses were nine deities, daughters of Zeus (Jupiter) and Mnemosyne (Memory). Were generated by the master of Olympus so that through the universal memory inherited from the mother, perpetuating the achievement of the gods through time, from all over the world. In one version of the myth, inhabited the mountain Helicon, in Boeotia, a place full of woodlands and fountains. In more poetic versions, were inhabitants of Mount Parnassus in Delphi beside the god of light, Apollo, whom he courted and helped in the creative inspiration of mortals. Thanks
The three are mythological beings which gladden the hearts of men and nature, making the sensitivity of the poet to emerge and sing. Represent all that is sweet, like the flower bloom, the foliage green and reborn, charm, sweetness human, making life less sad.
Muses and Graces in Greek mythology represent the inspiration that signifies the actual essence of art, the embodiment of supreme beauty harmonizing man with nature, the body with the perfection of the muscles and features, aesthetics with the word, the corner with poetry.

Origin and Housing of the Muses

The myth of the Muses raises several versions concerning the origins. Mimnermo, poet of the seventh century BC, gives them the paternity of Uranus (Sky), fruits of their procreative love with Gaia (Earth). Other versions considered in the daughters of Piero, without indicating, for sure, the mother, who would Antiope, or pimples. There are authors who attribute the maternity of pimples, but not with Piero, but with Zeus. The most common is that they would be with the daughters of Zeus titania Mnemosyne, Memory.
Legend has it that when Zeus defeated Cronus (Saturn) and the Titans in the war by the power of the gods, felt the need to record the songs of victory over the world. To perpetuate the splendor of the new era that led the government of the Olympian gods on mortals, it was necessary that special beings endowed with memory and did through the ages. Zeus chose the titania Mnemosyne, the goddess of memory, for her son to engineer that would perpetuate the corner of the victory of the gods. For nine nights, the lord of Olympus loved Mnemosyne. This love made in the form of a poem of hours, not one child was born, but nine daughters. Nine sisters who brought together the beauty and harmony, mingled with the gift of inspiration. They were the nine Muses.
The legend that attaches Mnemosyne as the mother of the Muses, says they were born in Pieria, east of Mount Olympus, where lived the goddess. Therefore they were called the Muses Pierias. Strands of the legend give the location as the house of the gods. Many point Mount Helicon, in Boeotia, as the true home, and authorities called Boeotian Muses. The most propagated by poets through the ages is that inhabited the mythical Mount Parnassus at Delphi in central Greece, are known as Delphic Muses. Whichever version of the house of the Muses, was always a place full of fountains and woods, where the waters (in particular the Mount Helicon) had properties to design the prophetic gift and inspire poets.

The Worship of the Deities Inspirational Art

The ancient Greeks considered the Muses not as synonymous with the art, but as the art itself. They were worshiped as deities inspiring the truth, because the poets resorted to words as a reliable source not to tell lies and falsehoods to men, the word, whispered in the ears, to be written, turned a record, even surrounded by the fantasy of creative freedom, it became stuck in a story true. Also the prophecies were vociferous in the form of poetry.
The earliest temple was erected to the Muses in Thrace, where did they worship. Later, this cult spread to Boeotia, having great importance to the foot of Mount Helicon, considered the magical place where they lived. Inspiring art, especially poetry and music, they were part of the entourage of the god Apollo, and for this, along with the god worshiped at Delphi, one of the largest sanctuaries of Greece old, erected in honor of the god of light.
In ancient times, the Muses were worshiped as the virgin goddesses, which severely punished those who tried to touch them and possess them. With the evolution of Greek culture and its member cities, the myth of the Muses has also evolved and are no longer seen as perpetual virgin, emerging legends of love they lived marriages and children. Calliope Clio or two of the Muses, would be the mother of Orpheus, as the version of the legend.
Following the Greek cultural evolution, came to be seen as inspiring the great kings, making them more sensitive to art and more fair. Later, in addition to the poets, were inspiring further urged the doctors, scientists, policy makers and navigators. The inspiration was regarded as sacred by the Greeks, making poets of men near the immortality of the gods, the divine origin of the inner energy of the artist was only one, the Muse.

the Artists and Muses

Inhabitants of the mountains or the Helicon or Parnassus, forests and springs, the Muses also spent much of their time on Mount Olympus, the official address the gods. They function as the cheer banquet of the immortals, entertaining them with their melodic songs and dances smooth.
But it was not only the Olympians who were awarded the charm and beauty of the Muses, also personally enjoyed the deadly art of the goddesses. Legend has it that at night, the nine goddesses draped in soft clouds, descending to the homes of mortals, participating in their festivals and celebrations. Quietly, joined the chorus of human voices, making them a melodious and divine softness. When a choir reached the apex Beauty, it was said that the Muses were governed at that moment that fruitful. Great poets
attributed their inspiration to the Muses. Homer (ninth century BC), claimed them to assist in preparing its concepçãoe epics, "The Odyssey " and "The Iliad. " Sappho (sixth century BC), writer of the island of Lesbos, announces a muse to inspire your writing and all the poets. Pindar (518-446 BC), mentions them in his famous "Odes . Hesiod (eighth century BC), said that outside the Muses who had aroused the gift of poetry when he was still a pastor, being responsible for the creation of his masterpiece, " Theogony. " Throughout ancient Greece, the epic poets and lyricists, invoking the Muses, calling their names in public. Occupied an important place in the comedy of Greek theater, not going in the same tragic drama. Also sculptors sought inspiration from the beauty of their images not only Apollo, as those who were part of his entourage.

Names and Functions of the Nine Muses

features legendary frequently in myth the Muses were attributed to Hesiod, from conception , which gives Zeus and Mnemosyne as the parents of the goddesses, the determination of their number at nine. If Homer did not specify names and number, referring to them as a whole, each one named Hesiod: Clio, Euterpe, Talia, Melpomene, Urania, Calliope, Terpsichore, is Polyhymnia and mouse. If
Hesiod and other ancient poets gave names to the nine Muses, the function of each has been allocated in more recent times. Thus, each Muse is responsible for part of the art and science:
Clio - His name means "glory and reputation, "is the science that represents the history, having made the report as the basis of all Greek heroes and universal. Its symbols and the water clock horn. In the arts, is represented as a young man crowned with laurel, bearing in his right hand a trumpet and a scroll on the left ajar.
Euterpe - His name means "delight." Presides over the music, represented by the poetry sung by the ancient poets. Was to symbol flute. In the arts is represented as a young man crowned with flowers, bringing the flute, taking roles alongside music and musical instruments.
Talia - His name means "the ever blooming." Embodies the comedy of Greek theater, is represented as a young man wearing a comic mask, crowned with branches of ivy and wearing buskins.
Melpomene - His name means "he says and sings." It represents the tragedy in Greek drama, drama, despite not to make allusions to the great classical tragedies Muses, Melpomene was the Muse protective of the genre. In the art is represented with a tragic mask, crowned with vine leaves. Brings a serious countenance, bearing rich dresses, wearing boots.
Terpsichore - His name means "pleasure." It symbolizes the dance. It is represented crowned with garlands, playing a lyre or harp, the instrument played by Apollo and also considered de som perfeito pelos gregos antigos.
Érato – Seu nome significa “a amável”, a que desperta desejo. Personifica a poesia lírica e erótica. Na arte é representada como uma jovem coroada de mirto e rosas, segurando na mão direita uma lira, na esquerda um arco.
Polímnia – Seu nome significa “muitos hinos”, ou segundo algumas versões, “muita memória”. É a Musa protetora da oratória e do ditirambo, composição lyric that, by expressing a strong pulse of excitement, was used as a hymn in honor of Dionysus (Bacchus). In the art is represented with brooding, wearing white and carrying a veil.
Urania - His name means "heavenly," represents the Astronomy and Mathematical Sciences in general. Its symbols a celestial globe and a compass. In art, is depicted wearing a blue dress, crowned with stars, carrying a globe in his hand.
Calliope - Your name means "beautiful voice" and is noted as the wisest of the nine Muses. Its responsibilities suffer divergence of the authors and are seen by some as the Muse of eloquence, rhetoric and heroic poetry, and by others as representative of epic poetry . In art, Calliope is depicted with a golden diadem that sets her apart from her sisters, being singled out and identified as the queen of the Muses. According to some versions, the love between Calliope and Éagro, king of Thrace, fruited the birth of Orpheus, the greatest singer of all Greek mythology. Other aspects of the Orpheus legend link as the son of Clio and the god Apollo.

The Three Graces

Entities that embody the joy and beauty extracted from human hearts, the Graces, also called Graces have several strands of the origin, being mentioned by some authors as daughters of Helios (Sun) and Alison. Others refer to them as daughters of Zeus with Ocean Eurynome.
Like the Muses, the Graces are inspiring good and beautiful. The worship of three gods was usually performed in Greece along with the Muses. The poet Sappho of Lesbos created a brotherhood dedicated to Aphrodite (Venus), the Muses and the Graces. The brotherhood was popularly known as the abode of the servants of the Muses called the "museum", giving rise to the word used in the present day where they are stored artworks. The main center of worship of Thanks stood at Orcômeno in Boeotia, there were worshiped along with Aphrodite.
The Graces were seen by the poets as entities that mirrored the sweetness of nature, earth and fruit, as reflected in the beauty of flowers, branches of trees. Greek women worshiped goddesses, who learned the art and education that gave them good manners. Thanks on the cult, they cultivated the ideal of feminine beauty, the grace and delicacy. A Greek woman should know how to dance and know how to play an instrument, to accompany his voice, which should be soft and smooth. To that end, should seek inspiration to Musas e às Graças, para que pudessem ser belas e saudáveis, sendo assim, aptas a dar prazer ao homem.
Divergências sobre o número e os nomes das Graças são encontradas ao longo dos séculos e dos autores. Em épocas mais remotas, apenas duas Graças eram mencionadas. Seus nomes mudavam conforme a região. Em Atenas eram chamadas de Hegemone e Auxo; em Esparta eram denominadas Cléia e Faena. Também Homero, o maior poeta da Grécia antiga, considerava que havia apenas duas Graças, chamando-as de Cáris and Pasitea. Chrysippus (281-208 BC), noted two Graces, Caris and Caritas, whose name means "grace" and "beauty" respectively, the Greek philosopher suggested to us mortals who have inspired two names because they were so beautiful that they make and actions they were grateful to those who practiced it.
The most common legends relating to the Graces, which are called three: Euphrosyne, Aglaia and Talia. In the arts are often depicted as three young men in a circle of hands given, with two sisters at the ends facing outward, while the middle back is turned. They are often represented as part of the retinue of the goddess of beauty and love, Aphrodite.
Aglaia - His name means "bright", more glittering. It was considered the most beautiful of the sisters, symbolizing intuitive intelligence and creativity.
Euphrosyne - His name means "she who cheers the heart." Embodies the joy and grace, summarizing the benefits of the Sun
Talia - name also given to one of the nine Muses, whose meaning is "ever blooming" or "that makes it flourish," bringing the solar heat that did spring forth.

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Seven Deadly Sins

The concept of sin is used in the Judeo-Christian tradition to describe the transgression of man before God's Law , the willful disobedience before a divine commandment. The concept
of sin in the great monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity and Islam, always seen as the human inclination to err against the divine perfection, has different interpretations. Judaism describes sin as a violation of the law, not being properly seen as lacking a moral sin for the Jews is an act, not a state of the soul of man, in the passing from generation to generation, since man is endowed with free will. For Catholic Christians, sin is the inheritance that the first man, Adam, left for all generations. It is the original sin, which before the rebellion of Adam and Eve against God caused all the ills of the world. Original sin, since Adam was perfect, could only be atoned by another perfect man, if Jesus Christ, not designed strain imperfect Adam Eve, redeems humanity before his blood be shed.
In Catholic doctrine, three sins are marked: original sin, coming from the rebellion of Adam Eve in Eden, and transmitted to all generations of mankind, mortal sin, the disobedience of man after acquiring the loss the original sin through baptism, which leads to death of the soul, and venial sin, committed by a man when in a state of ignorance of the law, worthy of divine forgiveness. Through these concepts, the Catholic Church called what is now known as the seven deadly sins.
The seven deadly sins precede the actual Christianity, and vices that was known in ancient Greek culture, when he adapted the Hellenization of Christian precepts. The seven deadly sins are not found listed in the Judeo-Christian scriptures. The Bible refers to them all and so many others scattered. They just came to be sorted and grouped by the medieval church from the sixth century by Pope Gregory the Great (540-604), which took as references the apostolic letters of Paul of Tarsus. Gregory the Great held the seven deadly sins as that in contrast with venial, signified the death of the soul. Capital, from the Latin caput (head), means the seven sins are the highest of all others, which are: pride, anger, envy, greed, gluttony, sloth aea lust. To fight each deadly sin, were placed seven virtues: humility (pride), patience (anger), charity (envy), generosity (avarice), temperance (gluttony), discipline (laziness a) and chastity (lust). More than a general concept of man's opposition to the Law God, the seven deadly sins is a moral vision of the principles of Catholic Christianity and the church he represents.

Lists of the Seven Deadly Sins

The classification of the seven deadly sins is rooted in ancient traditions of the defects pointed out by Greek philosophy, the merged letters Apostolic Christian. With the conversion of Rome to Christianity, the religion loses much of its Jewish nature, suffering a Hellenization it would add philosophical principles seen as pagan. If the Greeks had the absence of sin, the virtues were pursued as an ideal. Aristotle mentioned the virtues as a fundamental principle of the pursuit of human happiness. Asceticism in the medieval Christian, Greek polytheism is replaced by the Law of God, break it was to sin against the love with which the Creator designed us. Thus, the deadly sins are at opposite ends to the virtues which, contrary to what the Greeks thought, not to serve the happiness of man medieval, but to save his soul.
In more remote origin of the list of seven deadly sins, is the classification of the Pontic Greek Evagrius (346-399), an ascetic monk cristãoe, who was part of the monastic community Lower Egypt, living their experiences alongside the men of the desert. The monk drew major diseases afflicting the spiritual man, calling them the eight evils of the body. The eight crimes or human passions appeared in the Pontic Evrágio list in ascending order, as he thought he had more gravity, namely:
Gluttony, greed, lust, anger, melancholy, acedia (spiritual sloth), vanity and pride.
list, melancholy, seen by Greeks as a disease of health, is transformed into sin. Evagrius Pontic part of the concept that, as the man closed in the selfishness of himself, the sins became more intense and degrading the soul, reaching a peak with pride or arrogance. The doctrine of Evagrius
Pontic was known by the monk Joannes Cassianus, disclosed it in the east, spreading to the Christian kingdoms.
In the sixth century, Pope Gregory the Great heard the list of Greek monk, adapting it to the West. Gregory the Great reduced the list from eight to seven items. He joined the vanity of pride, gave up a acedia melancholy, and added envy. To list the pope called the seven deadly sins, which are:
Pride, envy, anger, sadness, avarice, gluttony and lust.
Gregory the Great used his own conception of hierarchy in the list, classifying it in descending order, pointing out the sins most offensive to love.
The seven deadly sins were broadcast by medieval Christendom, became symbols of the aggression of man against God, and responsible for the loss of the soul. Several lists have been compiled by theologians on them. The Dominican Thomas Aquinas made a comprehensive study on the seven sins, giving them the philosophical principles inspired by the Greek ethics. In his list, he lists as the seven deadly sins: Vanity
(pride), avarice, envy, anger, lust, gluttony and acedia (sloth). In the context
end, the church Catholic qualified human sin into two types, the sins can be forgiven through penance, sacraments and confession, and the capital sins, worthy of condemnation perdiçãoe soul. Popularized by the asceticism of medieval man, the seven deadly sins have been extensively circulated in the arts and legends of the time. In the seventeenth century, the church officially subtracted from the list of Pope Gregory the Great melancholy, considering it as a sin wave, exchanging it for the lazy. Finally, came the following day to our ranking list the seven deadly sins: Pride
(or vanity), envy, anger, sloth, avarice, gluttony and lust.

Evolution of the Seven Deadly Sins in the Contemporary World

For every sin has created a bond with the opposite, leading the seven virtues that serve as a Rescue- will the souls of sinners. They are:
Humility, which fight pride; charity, which when used to neutralize envy, patience is a virtue which calms anger; discipline, which combats any idleness laziness of soul and body, generosity, powerful opponent due to greed, temperance, which avoids the excesses of gluttony, and chastity, which protects the body, safety enclosure , profit of the soul of lust.
Other associations have been made to the seven deadly sins. In the Renaissance, Peter Binsfeld compared them in 1589, with a corresponding demon. In Binsfeld's Classification of Demons following the mythic meanings commonly used, the connection of the seven sins and their demons are listed as follows:
Lilith is responsible for the temptation of the sin of pride (vanity or pride); Leviathan leads man to envy; Azazel sparks anger in the human mind; Belphegor is linked to laziness, greed personifies Mammon, Beelzebub is related to greed, and Asmodeus, the demon of sex and lust. Even
being sorted and listed by the religious and moral vision of medieval man, the seven deadly sins are still present in Western culture. Although modern man has softened the moral concept of sin as every form of guilt puniçãoe, the Catholic Church continues to use them as parameters expiaçãoe prevention . In the XXI century, the Vatican has not only ratified, and updated the list, adapting to the reality of a world united by globalization. New deadly sins were added by Pope Benedict XVI, which are:
The genetic manipulation, drug use, the inequality social, and environmental pollution, among others.
The new list of deadly sins made by the Vatican makes clear that Christians need to seek forgiveness through confession, if he commits such acts. Man against nature that affect the planet and life, continues to offend God by committing the deadly sins contemporaries.

First Sin - The Superb

The pride, or vanity, or pride, is considered the mother of all sins. It was through her Eve led Adam into disobedience, hoping that the experience of the tree of knowledge, would become higher and independent of the Creator himself. The superb blind man, who through her, sees greatness through the distortion of ambition.
When looking for perfection at the end of obsession, the man lost their limitations. So passionate we are led to seek glory, losing the essence of God at the apex of power ground.
Through pride, man transforms the autonomy of free will and choice in addiction, cheating on himself, embracing the pride, the folly and vanity, despising those who are ; it to your back and your head, as the love of God and the Law
Pride leads man to foretell the glory through deceit, going to cultivate greed ; aea hypocrisy of power, submitting to the recklessness of his own vanity mirror and looked at where vision distorted from its true. The distance
superb man of humility, a virtue that she opõea. Distancing himself from virtue, a man commits sin. Opposed to humility, pride prevents man to know himself.

Second Sin - Envy

If pride makes a man return to glory vain of himself, jealousy leads him to reach others, making it the greedy and full acts that lead to villainy. One of the most common feelings people, envy reduces the magnitude of the human being, making the unfortunate in front of other people's happiness.
The man is struck by jealousy when compared sadness clings to the glory of others, being moved by a sudden and destructive force that makes you hate, or even undermine the glory or happiness of others .
Jealousy leads to gossip, intrigue and false testimony. It is a sin which can go unnoticed by those around who commits it, because fires often subtly. Being envious is a major feature of the human essence. Feeding it is often severely affect and moral principles against the designs of universal brotherhood.
Envy does not only come in the form of aiming for what the other has, but to compare the self and the other, often unconscious in an attempt to subtract the difference, leveling the feeling of not support someone who put us ahead. Envy distances itself from charity, virtue responsible for the magnificence of man before the other.

Third Sin - Wrath

Anger leads man acts of insanity, making him catch the feeling of revenge against anyone who offended him. It hurts not only the principles of divine love, as a fundamental concept of Christianity, that of turning the other cheek. Anger leads to revenge, heightened anger and limitless, which makes them verbally abuse the other, or even if it is invasive and bodily injures one who poked.
Anger is complete loss of reason, indelibly affecting the construction of human morality. It is a fleeting state in the deconstruction dignity, not part of the human personality constantly. It may come as a lightning fast, turning into deadly lightning. Avoid it requires a knowledge of man himself. One can not confuse it with hate, which often manifests in a rational way. Anger is an illogical state, which loses the reason entirely. It is an irrational outburst of the soul, moving it to the sin of existence. It is the total dominance of emotion over reason.
Anger precludes the virtue of patience, causing it to lose its entirety. It may come as outrageous words against each other, or physical aggression, often dangerously. It is a destructive explosion of bad feelings, often rooted in the human unconscious. Patience is a virtue that will fight to have it, you need a great knowledge of the world around and of itself.

Room Sin - Sloth

Endowed intelligence and autonomy to create, move, perform tasks and support himself, since they lost the prosperity of the garden of Eden, man has an obligation to commit its entire capacity, doing it with praise for the Creator inherit the capacity of their actions. By
quedar himself before the commitment of survival and struggle, turning up in search without limits home and pleasure in doing nothing, the man leave off and starts to neglect his spiritual good. Then he commits the sin of sloth secular, making life a bore and not a sorrow only the exterior that survives, but the inner spirit.
Laziness leads to indolence, which is not seen able to perform the acts for which God created it, being transported by inertia and a sin to despise one's own life, making it warm and without their proper value divine and sacred. Laziness prevents man from seeking new knowledge, both universal and spiritual enlightenment and limiting ideas around.
The sin of sloth makes the man does not perceive the moment, sinking into an eternal after the things without the worry of living the life that was gifted to him by the grandeur of God. Sloth is opposed to the virtue of discipline, organizaçãoe responsible for human learning, making it in front of goal that puts you ahead.

Fifth Sin - Greed

The attachment and love exacerbated by money and material goods are the main feature of avarice. The insatiable desire to possess it connects deeply with greed.
The stingy man leaning on you for joining all kinds of goods, storing them and preserving them as if they had life. The heart hardens stingy, shutting the needs of others that rotate around it. The desire for material goods is part of human essence, take it as a main goal touches the capital sin of avarice. The miser
try and search through the preservation of goods, supply a lack of affection and difficulty in receiving and giving affection, making owning a fleeting sense of victory and achievement. As the greed takes over the soul, beyond personal satisfaction to material well-being, leaving the miser restless, lonely, trapped in a constant search for you want all tangible goods and materials , with prominence to the emotional and spiritual. The greed of man to take pleasure in sharing, give and live in social groups. Only your changing world in search of goods starts to make sense, the fear of losing it makes it increasingly isolated.
The sin of covetousness is opposed to the virtue of generosity. Man ceases to be generous with others, clinging to the need for money and spend it on something they can hold. It is through the generosity of that man attains its universal essence, greed undermines this view, emerging part of the petty human race, making it an isolated island.

Sixth Sin - Gluttony

The basic principles of survival of any living thing in nature, either humans or animals, are the ability to eat and sex. The food ensures that it remains alive, the sex that perpetuates itself as offspring. Food and sex guarantee the perpetuation of life through a pleasure because the welfare of all living beings.
Eating and drinking is part of human happiness, the guarantee of their survival. Pleasures that are normally man transgresses, making the need desire, summing it up to satisfy the desire for a venial sin, not the pleasure of living. Sort
natural pleasure that governs our lives is not always possible, generating the sin of gluttony, which is a demand for intense pleasure in eating and drinking. The reason fades away, before succumbing to the will. The excess appetite becomes the hungry live, not on pleasure withdrawing survival. Gluttony hangs constant struggle between the pleasure of the flesh and spiritual growth, pushing the man of God, which becomes the wrath of their appetites, careless with spiritual nourishment.
Gluttony is the sin capital that contrasts with the virtue of temperance. His excesses lead to degradation of the human body itself, which once being fed more than it needs, it loses its natural balance and healthy. Health fades away if not kept with temperance.

Seventh Sin - Lust

If sex is the pleasure that man has in his basic instinct to perpetuate her offspring if he brings in excess addiction, shame and imbalance of the harmony. Lust is the inordinate and obsessive search of the pleasures of the flesh, leading us to the absolute void of feelings.
The vision of sex as a deadly sin lust makes this the most controversial in the twenty-first century. The moral evolution of civilization Judeo-Christian brought the so-called sexual liberation, when sex was seen as a source of physical and psychological pleasure and not just reproductive function. Much of what was seen as a luxury by the medieval church, was diluted in the liberation of sexual mores of Western society.
Even before the sexual revolution that has touched the second half of the twentieth century, the vision of the sin of lust, sex in excess, remains the same as it stood when the pope Greek River Magno has created a list of seven deadly sins. The Dominican Thomas Aquinas, ranked lust in two parts: first, when practiced against common sense and reason, leading to excessive fornication, aggression against the principles of chastity, adultery among married couples, and incest between family members, the second part of Aquinas is lust that goes against the natural order of the venereal act, such as sexuality practiced between persons of the same sex. If Thomas Aquinas used Aristotelian ethics in his theology of the seven sins, lust with Greek philosophy he leaves, clinging to the precepts of Judeo-Christians who condemn homosexuality, making the act in the most serious within the lust, being seen as more heinous than adultery and incest.
The sin of lust is opposed to the virtue of chastity, much appreciated by man through the centuries, but has lost the importance of its essence when the cultural changes that Catholic Christianity has in recent decades. Chastity minimized though, remains an admired virtue, but failed to make essential part of the sexuality of contemporary man.

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DH LAWRENCE - WHEN THE LITERATURE WON SEXUALITY

DH Lawrence was one of the British writers who generated more controversy and controversial opinions. His work, although considered redeemed and renovating the aesthetics of twentieth-century English literature, is still misunderstood by people, who have called him, among many adjectives, a poet indecent, immoral and pornographic .
What else caused revulsion in the work of DH Lawrence to his contemporaries, was the courage to give the characters sexuality. Far from being obscene, the writing of Lawrence makes sex a natural part of human essence and its conduct in society. The return of the bodies is the moment that man acquires with nature and its true dimension. The author does not shy away from giving importance to the meeting of skins, stripping the company of its era without making it obscene, but erotic and human, without prejudice of morals that would make the decadent Throughout the twentieth century, closing in see the remnants of Victorian morality in Britain.
Lawrence's work reflects a social nature evident, where the unbridled industrialization of England contrasted with the man of the field, with traditions. Giving sexuality was to portray the characters of the innermost secrets of the intimacy of a society. Obsessively, women, sex and love themes emerge as latent in the population of Lawrence. Boldness has cost dear to the author, who saw his work being criticized within the country. Classics like "The Lady Chatterley's Lover" or "The Rainbow ", Were banned for decades in Britain. A magnificent work was reduced to the obscenity of Puritanism at the time. Only time would prove the literary beauty and eternal words of Lawrence, but he would not live to see this recognition. He died being wronged by his contemporaries, and 44.
DH Lawrence left a work that spans nearly all literary genres, it is part of novels, short stories, plays, travel books, literary criticism, personal letters and art books, beyond many translations. Immerse in this work is modernist author drinking of human essence, feel the pulse of those who face sexual your time without the clothes that were imposed upon him, his face flushed, not the makeup of the customs of a society. Men and women are beings who struggle, dream, love and sex!

The Early Years of DH Lawrence at Nottingham

David Herbert Lawrence was born on September 11, 1885, in the small Eastwood, near Nottingham, from where coal was extracted no sé cles. Born of a family moderately and four brothers and his mother, Lydia Lawrence, was a former teacher, who was trying to convey a more refined education to the children, the father was a rude man inside. The intellectual difference between the parents of little David gave rise to constant friction and tension.
At twelve, Lawrence won a scholarship to attend secondary school in Nottingham. It proved a brilliant student, earning awards in mathematics, francese alemãoe future, has dominated the English and Italian.
Five years later, leave school to employ as clerk. Three months later, a pneumonia that would leave the job. The severity of the illness would affect his health forever. During his convalescence, he began writing poems. At this time he made friends with Jessie Chambers, a young man who lived on a farm near his parents' home. The connection between the two reach a Platonic sense, which sharpen the sensitivity of the writer, making him look into the great poets like Shakespeare and Baudelaire. The friendship between the two would extend for life. Lawrence taught algebra and French to her friend, while she learned to paint and to play the piano.

Piano (translation)

Softly in the dusk, a woman sings to me;
Taking me back down and the outlook for years, until I see A child sitting
under the piano, the explosion of the rash of
strings And pressing the small, suspended the feet of a mother who smiles as she sings.

Despite myself, the insidious mastery of song
betray me bringing me back, until my heart weeps to belong To the old
dusk on Sundays at home, with winter outside And hymns in the cozy
living room, the tinkling piano our guide.

So now it is in vain that the singer burst into clamor
With the great black piano appassionato. The magic
Of childish days is upon me, my manhood is
discouraged the flow of remembrance, I weep like a child in the past.

Translation: Cecilia Rego Pinheiro

Piano (original)

Softly, in the dusk, a woman is singing to me;
Taking me back down the vista of years, till I see
A child sitting under the piano, in the boom of the tingling strings
And pressing the small, poised feet of a mother who smiles as she sings.

In spite of myself, the insidious mastery of song
Betrays me back, till the heart of me weeps to belong
To the old Sunday evenings at home, with winter outside
And hymns in the cosy parlour, the tinkling piano our guide.

So now it is vain for the singer to burst into clamour
With the great black piano appassionato. The glamour
Of childish days is upon me, my manhood is cast Down in the
flood of remembrance, I weep like a child for the past.

Lawrence and Frieda

In 1905, Lawrence passed the exams to attend the University of Nottingham, but it would only attend the following year. While waiting, he began writing "The White Peacock," his first novel. At the time he taught the children of the miners from their land.
In 1908, he left the university, accepting a post at the primary school in Croydon, even over the protests of the mother and Jessie Chambers, who wanted noo so distant from them. In Croydon, find the necessary tranquility to return to work on the composition of "The Peacock White."
In the absence of his friend, Jessie Chambers sent some of his poems to the director of " Inglês Review," in November 1909 the magazine published the poems, introducing the poet in literary circles in London. In 1910, the same magazine again to publish a new collection of poems by the young writer. That year, a cancer field the author's mother, who was away from home.
Lawrence had his first novel, "The Peacock White," published in 1911. Now in its official debut literary, the author was threatened with a libel suit because of some situations revealed in the novel.
In 1912, the author would know that it would become a lifelong companion, Frieda von Richthofen. In April he was invited to dinner at a former French teacher, Ernest Weekley. At dinner met Frieda, wife of the teacher and parent three children. Both were suffering from a fulminating passion. Less than a month later, would leave together for the Alsace-Lorraine, where they lived the parents of Frieda. Dali go together to Italy, where the author finished writing " Sons and Lovers" and started "Twilight in Italy . Although
always together, Frieda Lawrence and only if they would marry in London in July 1914, when Ernest Weekley finally granted the divorce to the wife. At the time of World War I the condition of German Frieda weighed on the couple, who came to be expelled from Cornwall, accused of espionage in 1917. The two went to London, where they formed a community of friends. Together, the two traveled through Italy, Austria, France, Switzerland, Ceylon, Australia, Mexico and the United States, living for a time in many places.

Literature Rejected HD Lawrence

But prejudice, intolerance incompreensãoea British critics and readers would mark all Lawrence's literary existence. On several occasions been accused of immoral, pornographic and alludes to the worship of sex. Already in 1913, to publish " Sons and Lovers," has received a Readers' violent censorship, although the work was well received by critics.
In 1915, the publication of "The Rainbow " caused great controversy, culminating in the seizure of the book proibiçãoe England. Critics called it sickening, readers found it obscene, and editors recanted publicly apologizing for publishing the book. Analyzing it with depth, not in words vulgar or obscene language at any time of narration.
" Women in Love," published in 1920, would become a masterpiece of English literature throughout the twentieth century. When published, it generated diatribes. Completed during the author's stay in Cornwall, the novel was rejected by several publishers and was finally published in the United States. The site caused a scandal in England, the most unflattering adjectives recendo. In history, two couples are faced with the existential traps of passion, one of which led to the failure not to see sex as the object of passion. One of the most controversial moments of the book is when two naked men fighting each other, with a strong heartbeat intercourse. From "Women in Love " to avoid the persecution that had turned her in obscene literature, calling it pornographic, the author went on to sign his writings with pseudonyms, as Lawrence H. Davidson, in his essay "Movements in European History ( Movement in European history ). The misunderstanding of the British player Lawrence led to dislike living in England, leading him to wander through several countries.
In 1925, started in Italy, the novel that would cause the greatest controversy of his career, "The Lady Chatterley's Lover." Originally called "Tenderness ( Tenderness), the book has not occupied the time of the author, who devoted himself diligently to painting, performing a series of pictures that would be exhibited in London. In October 1927, having had serious health problems which had resulted in Suíçae treatments in Germany, he returned to Tuscany in Italy, devoting himself to conclude "Tenderness "which at the time decided to change the title to" John Thomas and Lady Jane " , a deliberate provocation, since the tradition popular English names were an allusion to the male genitals and female, respectively. But the novel won the final title of "The Lady Chatterley's Lover," and was published in Florence, Italy, in 1928. The love affair between an English aristocrat, married to a man mutilated, and a rude man, an employee of her husband, were described intrinsically, without half-truths, where sex is seen as pro pria salvation of the soul, a way to support to the fatalities of life. The British press described the book as a "sewer of pornography French , hi yet," the dirtiest book of English literature . Feeling that the work offended the moral British government banned it in Britain, keeping the ban for 32 years.
The ban has made the book circulated clandestinely in England and is revered as a work of strong sexual essence, becoming an obsession among young people, who only saw him this instance, reducing it as literature, DH Lawrence making a pornographic writer, without proper literary recognition. The book circulated with mutilations of the text, with three versions, and finally published in full decades later, in New York.

The Indecency Can Be Healthy (translation)

The indecency may be normal and healthy;
actually a little nastiness is necessary ;
river throughout life to maintain normal, healthy life.

And a little whoring can be normal and healthy.
Actually, a little whoring is necessary throughout life
to maintain normal, healthy life.

Even sodomy may be normal, healthy,
long as there is exchange of real feeling.

But if any of them on the brain, they become pernicious:
indecency in the brain becomes obscene, vicious,
hooker in the brain becomes syphilitic in sodomy and
brain becomes a mission,
all, addiction, mission, insanely unhealthy.

Similarly, chastity in its hour is normal and beautiful. But chastity
mo brain is addiction, perversion.
And rigid suppression of any indecency, whoring and
relations thus leads directly to raving insanity.
The fifth generation of puritans, if not obscenely depraved
is stupid. So you have to choose.

Translation: José Paulo Paes

Bawdy Can Be Sane (original)

Bawdy can be sane and wholesome,
in fact a little bawdy is necessary in every life
to keep it sane and wholesome.

And a little whoring can be sane and wholesome.
In fact a little whoring is necessary in every life
to keep it sane and wholesome.

Even sodomy can be sane and wholesome
grandet there is an exchange of genuine feeling.

But get any of them on the brain, and they become pernicious:
bawdy on the brain becomes obscenity, vicious.
Whoring on the brain becomes really syphilitic
and sodomy on the brain becomes the mission, all the
lot of Them, vice, missions, etc.., insanely unhealthy.

In The Same Way, chastity in STI hour is sweet and wholesome. But chastity
on the brain is a vice, pervesion. And
rigid suppression of all bawdy, whoring or other looked
such commerce is the straight way to raving insanity. The fifth generation of
Puritans, When It isn't obscenely profligate, is
idiot. So you've got to choose.

Last Moments

In 1928, DH Lawrence was weakened by tuberculosis. While they watched with deep sorrow the novel "The Lover Lady Chatterley "move with text adulterated and spurious issues, viewed the body battered, the wither to the taste of such a serious disease. The writer Richard Aldington
, personal friend of Lawrence, fearing for the fate of the disease, led him to the island of Port-Gross, so she could recover. There, he found breath to write articles, notes and comments to newspapers.
Feeling better in 1929, Lawrence traveled to Paris, staying at the home of friend and writer Aldous Huxley. At the time, takes place in a London exhibition of her paintings, to achieve great success, despite the media to consider it "the greatest insult ever made publicly London." Lawrence continued to be viewed with contempt by critics and desdéme press in his country.
But the health of DH Lawrence worsened considerably. Was advised by a doctor to take refuge in a sanatorium in Vence, France, undergoing a major treatment. Aldous Huxley and his wife settled the friend Frieda, in a house in a village of Vence. Even in the face of impending doom, Lawrence believed that the disease would win, writing several letters to friends announcing the restoration.
On March 2, 1930, DH Lawrence was attacked by a tuberculous meningitis, which proved fatal. On his deathbed, took one last look at his wife Frieda, as if he wanted to say something. But shut up forever. Aldous Huxley, in a last gesture, he closed his friend's eyes. David Herbert Lawrence, the author who had sex to English literature, died at 44 years of age.

Chronology

1885 - born on September 11, David Herbert Lawrence in Eastwood, Nottigham, England.
1897 - Little David is admitted to the School of Nottingham.
1902 - Lets school, getting a job as a clerk. Befriended the young Jessie Chambers. Succumbs to pneumonia. During his convalescence wrote his first poems.
1905 - is admitted to the University of Nottingham. Begins his first novel, The Peacock White.
1909 - Sent by Jessie Chambers, some poems are published DH Lawrence Review magazine Inglês .
1910 - Dies on December 9, Lydia Lawrence, mother of the writer.
1911 - Published in January, The White Peacock .
1912 - Frieda von Richthofen know, the wife of his former French teacher. Passionate, Frieda abandons her husband and children to follow the writer. Party with Frieda to Alsace-Lorraine, then go to Italy.
1913 - Publishes The Intruder. finishes writing Sons and Lovers and begins another novel, Twilight in Italy .
1914 - DH Lawrence and Frieda returned to Britain, where he married in London after Frieda's husband grant her a divorce. Starts the project would result in novel Women in Love.
1916 - Publishes Twilight in Italy.
1917 - Under suspicion of espionage, DH Lawrence and Frieda are driven out of Cornwall. Go live in London by the end of the First World War.
1919 - The couple leaves for Italy.
1920 - Write two collections of poems and several short stories.
1921 - Write the novel The Sea of Sardinia .
1922 - travels with his wife for Ceilãoe to Australia.
1923 - Write the novel Kangaroo . He travels to America, via the United States and settling in Mexico.
1925 - Begin write Tenderness, a title which was later changed to The Lady Chatterley's Lover. He dedicates himself to painting.
1926 - Write The Plumed Serpent.
1927 - visit to Tuscany, Italy. With very serious health problems, he left for Switzerland. To take action on health care, continues with Frieda to Germany.
1928 - Publishes in Florence, the novel The Lady Chatterley's Lover. Held in London, despite gossip Press, a successful exhibition of paintings by DH Lawrence.
1929 - travels with his wife to Paris, staying at the home of Aldous Huxley. Aggravated the health status of the writer. Starts an intensive treatment in a sanatorium in Vence, France.
1930 - dies on March 2, in Vence, France, a victim of tuberculous meningitis.

WORKS:

Romance

1911 - The White Peacock (The Peacock White)
1912 - The Trespasser (The Intruder)
1913 - Sons and Lovers (Sons and Lovers)
1915 - The Rainbow (The Rainbow)
1920 - Women in Love (Women in Love)
1920 - The Lost Girl
1922 - Aaron's Rod (Aaron's rod)
1923 - Kangaroo (Kangaroo)
1924 - The Boy in the Bush
1926 - The Plumed Serpent (The Plumed Serpent )
1928 - Lady Chatterley's Lover (Lady Chatterley's Lover)
1929 - The Escaped Cock (later published as The Man Who Died)
1930 – The Virgin and the Gypsy (A Virgem e o Cigano)

Conto

1914 – The Odour of Chrysanthemums
1914 – The Prussian and Other Stories
1922 – England, My England and Other Stories
1922 – The Horse Dealer’s Daughter
1923 – The Fox, The Captain’s Doll, The Ladybird
1925 – St Mawr and Other Stories
1926 – The Rocking-Horse Winner
1928 – The Woman Who Rode Away and Other Stories
1930 – The Virgin and the Gipsy and Other Stories
1930 – Love Among the Haystacks and Other Stories
1994 – Collected Stories

Poesia

1913 – Love Poems and Others
1916 – Amores
1917 – Look! We Have Come Through!
1918 – New Poems
1919 – Bay: A Book of Poems
1921 – Tortoises
1923 – Birds, Beasts and Flowers
1928 – The Collected Poems of D. H. Lawrence
1929 – Pansies
1930 – Nettles
1932 – Last Poems (póstumo)
1940 – Fire and Other Poems
1964 – The Complete Poems of D. H. Lawrence
1972 – D. H. Lawrence: Selected Poems

Teatro

1912 – The Daugher-in-Law
1914 – The Widowing of Mrs Holroyd
1920 – Touch and Go
1926 – David
1933 – The Fight for Barbara
1934 – A Collier’s Friday Night
1940 – The Married Man
1941 – The Merry-go-Round
1965 – The Complete Plays of D. H. Lawrence

Não Ficção

1914 – Study of Thomas Hardy and Other Essays
1921 – Movements in Eupean History
1921 – Psychoanalysis and the Unconscious
1922 – Fantasia of the Unconscious
1923 – Studies in Classic American Literature
1925 – Reflections on the Death of a Porcupine and Other Essays
1929 – A Propost of Lady Chatterley’s Lover
1931 – Apocalypse and the Writings on Revelation
1936 – Phoenix: The Posthumous Papers of D. H. Lawrence
1968 – Phoenix II: Uncollected, Unpublished and Other Prose Works by D. H. Lawrence
2004 - Introductions and Reviews
2004 - Late Essays and Articles
2008 - Selected Letters

Travel Books

1916 - Twilight in Italy and Other Essays
1921 - Sea and Sardinia ( The Sea of Sardinia)
1927 - Mornings in Mexico
1932 - Sketches of Etruscan Places and Other Italian Essays

The Pursuit of Truth



Do not look for anything else, nothing
senãoa truth.
Stay very calm, and try and get to truth.

questãoa And the first to ask is: How
I am a liar?

Will Ginger Ale Stop Throat Burn

At the height of the Cold War, Soviet Union and United States forces on comparing the ideological control of nations. Serial production of nuclear weapons was a priority, measuring the potential of a nation by how many nuclear warheads it had in his possession. In the late 1950s, the area became a target demonstration of that power. It began in 1957, the space race with the launch of the Soviet artificial satellite Sputnik. Since then, the U.S. government took aim to take the first man to land on lunar soil, in anticipation of the Soviets.
On July 20, 1969, Apollo 11 fulfilled his mission. Neil Armstrong, U.S. astronaut, was the first man to walk on the moon. In an eloquent and solemn sentence, he summed up his steps in the soil of the Moon " was a small step for man, one giant leap for mankind ".
The trip to the moon, an old dream of men since ancient times, represented a peak in the human adventure in the twentieth century. After the conquest of the poles and higher altitudes on the planet, the man held out his quest for the mythical Earth satellite. Politically, it was a great victory of the ideology of the West against the East, the capitalists against communists, the Americans against the Soviets. At a time when the means used to maintain this ideology were contested, with large demonstrations in the United States and the world against the Vietnam War, served to reach the moon that the U.S. government to distract attention from the nation, giving you a great show, and at the same time, maintaining technological supremacy of power, softening the criticism and harassment. Scientifically, the visit of the man said almost nothing to mankind, being an absolute desolation, so that the project be terminated and never be resumed.
While Neil Armstrong and Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin planted the American flag in lunar soil, the Terrans watched enraptured the great adventure, televised to the entire planet. The thrill of seeing a man stepping onto the soil of the Moon concretized all mythological legends, affecting both the West and the countries of the Iron Curtain. Four decades after the conquest, the feat is still creating controversy, with the current state that it was all a farce. Still, the arrival of the Apollo 11 lunar mission remains the greatest adventure of man on the conquest of the frontiers of the universe, being the farthest he has already achieved in time and space.

Sputnik Launched on Space

The beauty of the moon hovering on the horizon, the complexity and influence of the satellite in several phenomena of the Earth, has always aroused man's imagination. Poets, writers, scientists, all dreamed of one day set foot on the lunar surface, an adventure fueled well before the great civilizations write your story.
Officially, the adventure that culminated with the first man to walk the Earth by satellite, in 1969, began in 1957. On October 4 of that year, scientists and engineers Soviets launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Tyuratam in the Soviet Union (now Kazakhstan), the artificial satellite Sputnik, which was a ball of 84 pounds. For the first time an artificial satellite was put into Earth orbit. Was initiated the period that has passed into history as the space age, pointing out the race to heaven. Nikita
Khrustchov then Soviet leader, in collaboration scientist Sergei Korolev, Poso his country ahead of the United States on the issue of space. To prove the success of Sputnik, we had to wait ninety minutes, the satellite would take time to complete one orbit around the Earth. On expiry of the ninety minutes, were captured by scientists sounds emitted by a transmitter of Sputnik, confirming the mission. Also in 1957, on November 3, Sputnik 2 carried the first living whitespace, the dog Laika, race Kudriavka. The Soviets became the masters of space, sending multiple missions for unmanned moon

Yuri Gagarin, the first astronaut in space

The success of Russian satellite has caused great repercussions in the world. In the U.S., the government of President Eisenhower was criticized for letting the Soviets get out ahead. Four months after the launch of Sputnik on January 31, 1958, Americans responded with Explorer I, the first artificial satellite of the country. To minimize the golden era Soviet space, the United States, Always in tow with his Communist opponents, decided to create a civilian space agency in nature, so in July 29, 1958, appeared to National Aeronautics and Space Administration , NASA. The institution has centralized all space activities that were not strictly military in nature.
still overshadowed by the Soviet Union, the United States created the Mercury program, which had as main objectives to put into orbit a human being, the study follow-up control of a spacecraft and learn about the ause ; NCIA of gravity on the body human. In April 1959, had already selected the first seven astronauts of the Mercury program.
The conquest of space was a theme that centralized the U.S. presidential elections in 1960, which gave victory to John F. Kennedy over Richard Nixon.
On April 12, 1961, the Soviets once again came out ahead of their American rivals, putting into orbit the first time, a human astronaut Yuri Gagarin, who would become a hero across the globe, visiting many countries, bringing the regime's propaganda of his country.
The U.S. response came on May 5, 1961, the Project Mercury flight, which sent the first American astronaut, Alan B. Shepard, into space. Shepard failed to international prominence achieved by Yuri Gagarin, much less overshadow his charisma. The Soviets continued as the absolute leaders of the race to space.
John Kennedy, already a U.S. president, not left to drift of the Soviet space success on May 25, 1961, made the famous speech at Rice University that urged Americans to the challenge of sending men to the moon, bringing them back safely. The achievement, according to the speech, had to be reached before the 1960s ended. To make the project John F. Kennedy asked Congress for the necessary funding to that which had become the biggest challenge of the Cold War, winning the space race. Assassinated in November 1963, President Kennedy did not attend the arrival of humans to the moon

Projects Gemini and Apollo

The project consisted of a Mercury spacecraft capable of taking only a passenger on board. With the technological development of equipment and ships, projects should also be more sophisticated. To remedy the deficiencies old, created the Gemini program, which aimed to test the techniques developed for the realization of a manned trip to the moon
The Gemini program was created in March 1965 successfully held, ten manned missions into space. Their ships behaved two astronauts per mission. The Gemini was closed in 1966, managing to reach the United States and beyond the Soviet Union in the race to space.
Gemini's successor was the Apollo program, and developed the most complex of them all, which aimed to bring the first humans to the Moon Their ships were developed that could carry three passengers. Three goals were established by NASA to materialize the goal is to reach the lunar surface: the number of passengers, the shape of the spacecraft and the rocket would propel the space.
The project had the genius of the German Wernher von Braun, the famous engineer at the time of the Nazi regime, who deserted, fleeing the your country, naturalizing themselves American. Von Braun created the Saturn V rocket, the largest ever, with enough power to launch a spacecraft into space, carrying three astronauts, and from there, take it to For the moon landing, Von Braun created the lunar module.
The first ship of the project, Apollo 1, was the specter of the tragedy to draw your story. On January 27, 1967, during a training ground, a short circuit ignited the cockpit of Apollo 1, killing astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee. Since then, NASA engineers have modified the way through the cabin from the command module.
The tragedy has delayed the project, which was only to have its first manned mission to the Apollo 7, launched three astronauts into orbit, Walter Schirra, Don Eisele and Walter Cunningham. It was the first test so that man could reach the moon
On December 21, 1968, Apollo 8 was launched, carrying astronauts Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and Bill Anders aboard. The Apollo 8 mission was the first to bring man to orbit the Moon The ship had serious defects, went through a solar storm and faced a clash with a meteorite, which prevented the crew land on the Moon The Apollo 8 astronauts were the first to contemplate the Earth from the Moon This image, photographed by the crew, ran the planet .

Apollo 11

Two other missions, the Apollo 9 and Apollo 10, although successful, did not reach the lunar soil. The conquest would only be achieved with the Apollo 11. On July 16, 1969, more than a million people concentrated around the Kennedy Space Center in Florida to see the launch of what was scheduled to finally land on the moon, Apollo 11. At 9:32 a.m. on the east coast of the United States, the spacecraft was launched into space, carrying astronauts Neil Armstrong, Edwin E. Aldrin and Michael Collins. After several laps around the Earth, the spacecraft reached the planet's orbit, and the engines fired to start the three-day trip. The world followed the show on all TVs in the world.
On July 20, at 16:05, the command module Columbia, where were the three astronauts, separated from the lunar module Eagle, carrying Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin on board. Michael Collins remained in Columbia. At 16h17 that historic day, after Armstrong maneuver the module, concretized the landing. In the module, left fuel for another twenty seconds. Armstrong came into contact with Earth, warning that landed on the moon

The Man on the Moon Pisa

Before the descent to explore the lunar surface, astronauts had to eat and rest a few hours. They would have to be in shape so that they could face a hostile environment, water, atmosphere or wind, which caused drastic fluctuations in temperature, and a gravity of less than one sixth of the earthling. After resting, the astronauts donned their space suits, were ready to face the outside. At 22h56 on 20 July, Neil Armstrong walk on the lunar surface põeo. It is the first man to do it. His words echoed through space:
" This is a small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. "
The phrase, the second astronaut, was spontaneous, but its solemnity makes you discredit an alleged improvisation. Eighteen minutes later, "Buzz" Aldrin joined fellow. The two walked with great difficulty by the Moon's surface for two and half hours. Over time, promoted the raising of the flag of the United States, digging it into the lunar soil, asserting U.S. supremacy in the Cold War, causing other nations to prostrate themselves before their ideology. Besides the flag, the astronauts unveiled a plaque that had a map of the hemispheres of the Earth, containing engraved the legend:
" Here men from planet Earth first set foot on the Moon July 1969 AD We came in peace for all mankind. "
Paradoxically, that adventure gave at the height of the Cold War, which claimed that unlike the board, promoted the bloody wars on Earth on behalf of current ideologies. Aldrin and Armstrong collected samples of lunar soil, installed a tool to measure the oscillations of the ground, an aluminum foil-shaped vertical banner that would capture the solar wind and a device to allow for precisãoa measure the distance between the Moon and Earth. Once the mission, the astronauts returned to the module Eagle and remained there for several hours. Armstrong and Aldrin returned to lunar orbit, where Michael Collins awaits them in the module Columbia. The two modules were connected. In the command module, the three astronauts were joined again by starting the journey back to Earth. On July 24, landing at 12.50 and at one point in the Pacific Ocean. He was fulfilling the mission that led humans to the moon
The Apollo project to send space missions over six, including five students, having Apollo 13 failed in his mission. Apollo 17, launched in December 1972 was the last mission in which a man stepped on the lunar surface. Since then, the trips to the moon were suspended, and voltarãoa only be resumed if there is economic and scientific interest. The main goal had been reached, the United States won the space race, showing the nation's most potent in the complexities of the Cold War. Science would be for later!
Years later, conspiracy theories that try to discredit the Apollo 11 has landed in the lunar soil, causing a few thousand people doubt that one day man stepped on the moon theories aside, the arrival of man on the moon was one of the greatest spectacles on Earth, still stirring passions and outbursts. The moon, though understood, continues to exert a mysterious fascination for mankind.

Ring Seat For Hemorrhoids

MAN ON THE MOON FANTASY - playfulness AND RISE OF GAL COSTA

In November 1981 Gal Costa released the album "Fantasia " which would become one of the most successful of his career, becoming the once the greatest singer in Brazil. The shy girl and intimate to the start of tropicalia, the singer and aggressive visceral time it was the knockout muse, gave final passage to the woman in seductive smile, which owns a voice that increasingly sought more to achieve the beauty of the technique emoçãoe clear a corner, standing under a aurifulgente perfection.
" Fantasia" had the mark of what would be the MPB in the first half of the 1980s. Arrangements Form, beauty, and especially to reach the general public with quality work. Preceded by a concert titled coolly received by critics, when the premiere in July 1981, at Canecão, Rio de Janeiro, the album came paradoxically, be considered the best album of that year, and at that time, the biggest of her career as a singer. The album featured a
Gal Costa renovated, will sing with the hitherto unknown, without any shadow of intimacy, even with songs that demanded it. He brought a voice that accentuated domain indelibly its unique timbre, risking very high notes, modulations perfect.
At the exact moment that the MPB was once again one of the most compelling voices of struggle against military dictatorship, Brazil via Gal Costa ascend to the biggest star of cançãoe, an inevitability of fate, out of Elis Regina Since the stage of life to become a myth. The meeting of two was included in the "Big Names - Maria da Costa Penna Burgos , Globo TV, aired in March 1981.
" Fantasy" brand this moment. Gal Costa takes over the front of the MPB, with rhythms and songs different genres, but skillfully tacked on a drive that view over time, it seems more a collection of greatest hits. Of large masses of intellectuals; carnival to intimate moments of love, the samba-exaltation of "Canta Brazil " the ideological message of "Love ", Gal Costa with " Fantasy" became the most listened to singer in the country in those distant years of the end of dictatorship. The album is an icon of Brazilian music, and one of the most beautiful already produced by it.

The Beginning of the Eighties

1981 was a year of major protests against the military dictatorship in Brazil since 1964. With the extinction of the Institutional Act No. 5 (AI-5) and the promulgation of the Amnesty Law in 1979, the nation no longer keep silent before the force Gross and brutality of the regime of the barracks. The MPB has taken a new breath-taking several protest songs until then prohibited, finally released. Great concert, bringing together the stars of the time, were produced against the government of the generals. The radical wing of the dictatorship was not intimidated by promoting acts of terrorism, like the explosion of newsstands that sold newspapers on the left, the bombings at the headquarters of the institutions that fought for redemocratizaç ; the country will, as the Bar Association of Brazil (OAB), or even attacks on political shows of major artists of the MPB. The
biggest terrorist attack in Brazil at the time of the dictatorship was precisely against a big show of the MPB, the famous concert Riocentro. On April 30, 1981, the stage of Riocentro received a large number of stars of MPB, gathered in a show celebrating the Labor Day. A bomb was ready to be detonated in the pavilion where the singers presented themselves. By chance of fate and inevitability of the dictatorship, before the bomb exploded in the parking lot of Riocentro, killing members of his persecutors. Thus, the MPB has lost major stars such as Chico Buarque, Gal Costa and Gonzaguinha, among many.
was euphoria in the intensification the struggle for freedom, and fear the onslaught of a dying regime that Gal Costa launched the show "Fantasy ", the mythical stage of Canecão, in Rio de Janeiro in July 1981. After two years of absolute success with the show "Tropical Gal," the singer plunged headlong into a totally different design. Conceived by Guilherme Araújo, the show was a tribute to the playfulness of the theaters and major music magazines. His scenic design involved the passage of a day, the birth of the Sun night lit by the moon The show gave off an exorbitant budget for the season, but was transformed by the critics in a big failure, being received with acid words for her coldness and absolute.
Even before the failure of the show " Fantasy", Gal Costa has released an eponymous album in November 1981. With songs coming from the ill-fated show, the disc would be transformed into the most successful music industry that year and the following year.
" Fantasia ", the album featured ten songs of different rhythms and genres, demonstrating the potential of Gal Costa to switch in different soils, making something cohesive musical proposal, a perfect unity. The cover showed a sensual, more loose, moving between the girl and intimate singer without boundaries. Antonio Guerrero was the author of the photographs on the cover. Mariozinho Rock was the producer. The peculiarity is in the arrangements of Lincoln Olivetti, who earlier in the decade, would become, for better or for worse, the great magician of the MPB and its stars. Ten bands made in the style of vinyl, seduced and charmed the Brazil, making some songs that definitely entered as masterpieces for great collection of Brazilian popular music.

or Unpublished Music in Ancient Interpretations Definitive

Following the style started with "Green Eyes " (Vicente Paiva), in " Á gua Viva "(1978), Gal Costa opened" Fantasy "with an old song, samba-style excitement. This time "Canta Brazil " (David Nasser - Alcir Pires Vermelho), was chosen. The song was released in 1941, in response to " Watercolor of Brazil", and like the song by Ary Barroso, praised Brazil, in a clear style of propaganda to the New State to which Vargas and his dictatorial government used to encourage. Francisco Alves who was accompanied by the orchestra of the National Radio, recorded the song for the first time, released at the time by the Odeon label. Interestingly, the interpretation the song sung by Gal Costa loses his chauvinistic attitude and becomes a great dance music, leaving the patriotic spectra of repressive state, giving him a brejeira Brazilianness and unlinked to the propaganda. Gal Costa turns the song into a lovely ode to the Brazilians. The success was immediate, and "Canta Brazil " became part of the great gallery of the singer's hits, like it was written for her. In the next decade, would be opening of the novel "In God Champion" by Silvio de Abreu.
" My Well, My Little "(Caetano Veloso), Gal Costa brought back to the master universe Bahia tropicalismo; interrupted last year by the album" Watercolor of Brazil ", totally dedicated to Ary Barroso. Even before the album release, "My Well, My Little " was part of the soundtrack of the telenovela " Shining", by Gilberto Braga, broadcast in prime time on TV Globe. Like a mature wine, the voice of Gal Costa brings the beauty of a great moment of music by Caetano Veloso. If the singer's vocal technique here reached a dizzying rise, poetry tambéma Music Caetano Veloso gave this jump. Perfect fusion worthy of double, in a moment forever, where one is drowning in the art of another:

"My balm benign
My zodiac sign, my guru
Safe Harbor , where I'll have my
sea and my mother
My fear and my champagne "

" Wheel Bahia "(Ivan Lins - Vitor Martins) is a rare foray Gal Costa in the universe of Ivan Lins. Here the composer leaves for a moment, his song traditionally stuck in the side of passionate love and existentialism, plunging into the sensual world of Bahia, and its sea and the mythical typical Bahian with their ane is and turbans. Gal Costa is home, but not Ivan Lins, despite being a beautiful song, does not reach the sincerity of the author, who bowed to the universe of the singer, leaving her completely. The disc does not miss a beat with this song, you can not go beyond the academy intellectual of a great composer of Brazilian popular music.

Magic and Spells of A Voice of Mermaid

The big surprise of the album is the fourth track, "Missing Pieces " (Djavan), reflecting the large magic of the timbre of the voice of Gal Costa. Here she reveals her intoxicating siren lonely corner, shedding hypnotic intoxication snatching without mercy to the sailors who travel the seas towards their highs. The song in the voice of Mermaid is sweet, a loneliness without end, of an unconditional lyricism. Djavan's music was never the same after this interpretation of Gal Costa. Since then, the composer took up his permanent place within the MPB, a finding that it would be his greatest interpreter, giving the tune the exact tone of a beauty finally deciphered.

"Love is like a ray
Galloping
Opens in defiance cracks, copper valleys Revolt
the river
Who wants to follow his trail
lost along the way
In the purity of a lemon
Or in the lonely thorn "

The record closes side A in eloquent style, with the epic "Love " (Caetano Veloso - Ney Costa Santos - Vladimir Mayakovsky), snatched the theatrical stage for a record full of surprises . In June 1981 the locals saw the stage debut of the play "The Chinch " by Vladimir Mayakovsky, the great poet who was born in Georgia, former republic of the former Union Soviet. The cast was Dede Veloso, then wife of Caetano Veloso, who participated as an actress. Luis Antonio Martinez Corrêa was who directed the show, which featured some poems to music by Caetano Veloso. Among them was " Love." Gal Costa recorded the song, revealing it to Brazil. Mayakovsky represented a voice of hope worshiped by the Brazilian left. His message found an atmosphere never thought the voice of the singer. We think the interpretation of Gal Costa perfection of technique blended with a passionate ideological emotion of the singer reaches the end. With an intimate beginning, the voice of Gal Costa grows, reaching a climax that thrills and excites the hardest of revolutionaries. " Love" is the encounter with the voice of the word, poetry and melody, the message with the public, a trio of unique, never repeated: Vladimir Mayakovsky, and Caetano Veloso Gal Costa. The play was a failure, forgotten by time, but the song was immortalized by the singer from Bahia.

Joy and Luddism, in One Tom

Frevo "Feast of the Interior " (Moraes Moreira - Abel Silva) started the B-side " Fantasy." Never Gal Costa had gone so far with very high notes and modulations as here, giving brightness and joy in what would become the most played song on the radio at the time. It was with "Feast of the Interior " the singer launched the album in a music video for the "Fantastic ," the TV Globo, in late 1981. The success was immediate, leading Gal Costa to call the show premiered in early 1982, "Interior festival." His message brought to urban centers the old traditions of bonfire celebrations in Brazil's interior. In that historic 1982 carnival, which were the highs of joy exploded in the trenches of the revelers. For a long time, Gal Costa ended his shows with the contagious excitement of "Feast of the Interior . The song became a trademark in the singer's career, it never disengage.

"Spark and spike heels
stars shine
Babados St. John, and xotes xaxados
Secure the ends, my heart

" Acai "(Djavan), was another debut at the universe of Djavan. At the time the tree and the fruit of açaí were known only in the Amazon region, away from the popularity that the nutritional values of the pulp have today not only in Brazil, as in rest of the world. "Acai " reached the ears of Brazilians as a mystical song of a tree in the forest. Gal Costa's voice gave the melody a mysterious atmosphere that attracted both the young season. Without a specific message, the song is a clever play on words, which acquires a spectacular sound poetry in the sweet voice of Gal Costa, here with a special band's New Clothes, chanting the choir.
" Magic Carpet "(Caetano Veloso), it's a magical moment of delicacy and poetic beauty in the eternal encounter between the voice of Gal Costa and Caetano Veloso's music. Is this song the album reaches its climax, proving why " Fantasy" would become one of the largest ever of phonograph records in Brazil. In the delicacy of the song, the voice of Gal Costa transports the listener on a sky of fantasy and magic, making borders and traditions to be broken, a recreational journey Which brings us to the Guanabara Bay to the seas of Salvador, hoses secular Belem do Para the pulse of Avenida Paulista. " Magic Carpet" was one of the most applauded of the show "Interior festival." It's a song that relaxes the listener, who by this time the disc, let it drown in the sinking of the great voice intoxicating siren of the MPB. Do
playfulness are led to the blowing up of the carnival, with "Real Mass " (Caetano Veloso). If " Balancê " Gal Costa saw an explosive happily, this carnival march brings her total control over the pace, inviting us to a total surrender to the merriment of Brazil. The song was released by Caetano Veloso in December 1979, the compact " Carnival 80", but would only stir, next to the Interior Feast, "the carnival of 1982, as the voice of Gal Costa. Because that would be the year of ascension to the star:

"Today I just want
joy is my day, my day is
Today I just want to love"

" Fantasy " closes with " Star, Star & rdquo ; (Vitor Ramil), the band's most intimate album. The song closed the curtains in the fantasy of the singer, basting with " Missing Pieces" and "Magic Carpet " conceiving the end of the disk drive. It involves Special Zeluiz, which has the voice recorded in 15 channels, along with the voice of the singer. Style that was fashionable that year.
" Fantasy," which at first glance bears the hallmark of the music that was made in the early 1980s, appears to be timeless, without denying their time. From the album, Gal Costa became a national unanimity, and reaching an international audience. Israel would surrender to the show "Interior Festival" as well as Japan Unable to draw the more recent history of Brazilian popular music without thinking about the Classic "festival Interior ", "Missing Pieces " and "My Well, My Little ," or timeless "Canta Brazil " without interpretation of Gal Costa. This is why " Fantasy" became indispensable in the music scene and the collection of the most ardent lover of the MPB.

Credits:

Fantasy Philips



1981 Produced by: Rock Mariozinho
Production Director: Mariozinho Rocha, Gal Costa and Guilherme Araújo
Technical Writing: Luigi Hoffer and Jairo Gualberto
Technical Mixing: Luigi Hoffer
Aides Studio: Julinho, Charles and Charlie
Lay-Out: Lielzo Azambuja
Photos: Antonio Guerreiro
Artwork: Lielzo Azambuja
Graphic Production: Edson Araújo
Makeup: Guillermo Perez
Clothes: Markito
Arrangements: Lincoln Olivetti, and Gilson Peranzzetta Guto Graça Mello

Tracks: 1

Canta Brazil (David Nasser - Alcir Pires Vermelho), 2 My Good, My Evil (Caetano Veloso), 3 Wheel Bahia (Ivan Lins & ndash , Vitor Martins), 4 Missing Pieces (Djavan), 5 Love (Caetano Veloso - Ney Costa Santos - Vladimir Mayakovsky), 6 Feast of the Interior (Moraes Moreira - Abel Silva), 7 AC there (Djavan) Participation: New Clothes, 8 Magic Carpet (Caetano Veloso), 9 Massa Real (Caetano Veloso) 10 Star, Star (Vitor Ramil) Participation: Zéluiz