Sao Paulo is a city with about 13 million car, one of the largest fleets in the world. The sheer numbers forced the enactment of an ordinance that created a rotating system, prohibiting all cars traveling the same, thus avoiding congestion and a chaotic poluiçãoa unbearable level in the atmosphere of the city. A wide transport network helps the daily movement of millions. Metropolitan, suburban trains, buses, all part of a complex and not always effective, service mobility that leaves the largest city in Brazil to stop.
It was not always so. For centuries the capital city was nothing but a backward village, that even when elevated to a city, remained closed to the country, far from a glimpse of the progress. On the streets of packed dirt, bullock carts, mules and other animals served as transportation. With the arrival of railroads, transposing the Serra do Mar and connected the city of São Paulo with the coffee-producing land in the interior, finally broke up, the isolation to which St. Paul was confined.
First came the railway stations, bringing progress. Then in 1872 came the trams, at first moved to animal traction, and then to electricity. Finally, the first automobile hit the streets in 1893. Since then, he never ceased to circulate. The progress came as a meteor hitting the quiet town, transforming it into a great metropolis. This article is a stroll through the early days of transportation in São Paulo, illustrated by photographs of postcards of the era that deftly recorded the pulse of progress that would become one of the largest cities on the planet.
Railway Stations
Difficult access to St Paul, made her a poor and isolated village. Between the coast and valleys genetic had the great wall of the Serra do Mar, almost impassable. The pioneers have paved the woods, leaving the village of São Paulo, which became a junction between the sea and the interior hinterland. Over the years, progress has come slowly to the village, raising it to an isolated town, dirty and dull. So it was until it came at a time when the production coffee became the main economy of Brazil. Again St. Paul served as a junction between the port where the coffee was drained, and fertile land in the state where it was grown. With the need to sell coffee, exporting it to the rest of the world, it was necessary to modernize the means of transport. Came the railroads that connected the interior coffee producer with the city of São Paulo, crossing the Serra do Mar. First came the British Railway in 1867, the following decade emerged Sorocabana and Central Brazil, making Sao Paulo an important road junction, bringing you a sudden burst of progress. Through the railroads that converged circulated riches of the interior and the coast, and industries were born along the rail diversions. The
The São Paulo Railway, Railroad or the British, the interconnected Santos Jundiaí. Was envisioned by Baron de Maua, which associated with the English, won approval of the emperor to the project in 1859. Its opening to traffic was made officially on February 16, 1867.
The main station of the Railway was the mythical Bringing the Light Station in its original architecture modest, the first Season of Light was opened on the same day that opened the traffic of the railway of the British in 1867. Around him were developing small industries and working class neighborhoods such as Bras and Bom Retiro. The current season, a neoclassical building was built between 1895 and 1901, probably inspired by the Flinders Street Station , Melbourne or Sydney, Australia. The material used in construction was all imported from England. Since the highest tower in Sao Paulo at the time, the Station
Light became a flashy attractive town, turning into a big postcard, becoming for many years the symbol of Paulicéia. A major fire in 1946 partially destroyed the building. Reformed, she had the addition of a pavilion, and reopened in 1950. The station has, over the decades, the receive bus from all over Brazil. The function bus station was discontinued in 1982 with the inauguration of the Tietê Bus Terminal. The Sorocabana Railroad, which connected the interior of Sao Paulo and the southern states to Paulicéia, was inaugurated on July 10, 1875. Initially, the station serving the road was an old building in Praça General Osório, built in 1914, about a project office Ramos de Azevedo. This building would be the facilities of the lurid Dops (Department of Political and Social Order), becoming one of the places of torture of political prisoners during the military dictatorship. It now houses the Pinacoteca in Sao Paulo.
In 1938 opened a new station for the railway Sorocaba, call Julio Prestes Station. The station building, designed by architect Christiano Stockler das Neves, began construction in 1926. She wore a beautiful tower of 75 meters and a magnificent hall. Nowadays, having retired, the building was intended to be used as a cultural center.
Finally, the Central Railroad of Brazil ( here in a photograph of a postcard 1905), which linked the capital of Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, the state capital, had his station ; will Avenida Rangel Pestana, near the Largo da Concordia, in Bras. Popularly known as North Station, was inaugurated in 1875. From 1887, two night trains, one luxury, maintained liaison with the federal capital. The station was demolished in the early twentieth century, being replaced by the Roosevelt Station. To complete the cycle
primitive railway of Sao Paulo, there Cantareira Station, located at Rua March 25, opposite the market. From there came a small line of tramways after a railroad
opened in 1894. A small train, called a "train the Cantareira, across town towards the Cantareira Mountains, where was the forest nursery and the dams that supply water to the city. It was a journey that served as ecological tourism, with picturesque scenery. The train stopped at Santana, Mandaqui, Tremembé and Cantareira. The last trip by train Cantareira was made on May 31, 1965, by 3131 locomotive. On deck, a track made by the servers told him goodbye: "The staff Trenzinho Cantareira want to trade and many happy people in the late bye-bye to the old train and unforgettable. "
The Implementation of Trams
Progress slow in the capital city was gradually accelerating. Transformed into a railway junction town, we needed to build bridges with efficient transport and reach the new working class neighborhoods. In 1872, opened the first row of steps called the city on rails, made by Carris de Ferro de São Paulo. The first shipments were made by animal traction. The system was seen as an important step toward modernity in a city that was beginning to be important in the economic scenario in Brazil. But the only tram system received a boost when the electricity came to Paulicéia, lighting its streets. In 1900 he began circulating the trams of Light. The first line was opened to the Barra Funda. The electric trolley lines were gradually connected to all city districts. The services offered by transport were distinct, with trams in the first and second class, some special to transport workers, or even which circulated outside the theater and soccer fields, which became the new Paulicéia fever.
Life of trams the streets of Sao Paulo was long, lasting more than half of the twentieth century. On March 27, 1968, was held last tram journey in Paulicéia. The last trolley car was the "Shrimp 1543, the line of Santo Amaro. He left all bedecked with flags. The population of the city came to the streets to bid farewell to the traditional transport. Ladies nostalgic already put their children in the windows to photograph the tramway. Through the neighborhoods, with banquet tables prepared interrupted the journey, forcing him to stop. The population sang old Carnival songs, waving white handkerchiefs, causing comoçãoe tears at the farewell of the last tram of.
The Automobile Comes to the Streets of Paulicéia
The first car circled the streets of Sao Paulo in 1893. Henry belonged to Santos Dumont, brother of the famous aviator Alberto Santos Dumont. There are reports that point to the Santos Dumont himself as the owner of the first car that had circulated not only in Sao Paulo, and Brazil. The Father of Aviation had brought from France in 1891, he bought a Peugeot for 1200 francs. The second car to travel around the state capital would come in 1898 and was owned by Dr. Tobias de Aguiar. It had two seats, front wheels smaller than the back, carrying a horizontal lever to the steering wheel.
In the early years of the twentieth century, before the streets in the news, Mayor Antonio Prado vehicles forced to use plates, upon payment of a fee. Henrique Santos Dumont had requested the exemption the fee, arguing that the streets were in bad condition for the movement of traffic. The criticism did not please the mayor. Henrique Santos Dumont had his license to drive a car chase and lost the plate P-1, which was held in 1903 in the car industry Francisco Matarazzo.
Antonio Prado issued an order that ensured maximum speed "of a man by step" in places with high concentrations of people and can exceed to 12 kilometers per hour on city streets, to 20 km in places inhabited, and 30 km in the plain. The license authorization given by the city demanded that the driver knew all the components of the car and maneuver it to know, besides being necessary to "prudence, cold-blooded visuality, "according to the ordinance downloaded.
In 1904 was created the Inspectorate of Vehicles, which reported the existence of 84 cars in Sao Paulo.
In 1908 was founded the Automobile Club of Paul, who at the outset, organized a race called the "Bandeirantes Rubber on Wheels". Fifteen cars took part, with the Count Silvio Penteado come first, after covering seventy kilometers in one hour and thirty minutes.
In 1912, opened the motorized transport of passengers, who would be future taxis, the company Auto Road Paulista.
The direction of the cars was the exclusive domain of men. When Ms. Batista Franco, in 1918, arrived in Sao Paulo driving your car, caused great scandal, indignaçãoeo urging the rejection of traditional families from Sao Paulo.
Faced with growing vehicle roaming the streets of Sao Pulo, in 1915, under President Washington Luis, was instituted traffic policing, with guards, gloves and white spats, mounted in horses, drove the vehicle traffic and pedestrians. For if it could be a traffic cop, the job applicant had to have at least 1.80 meters tall.
In 1920, Ford came to Brazil, a workshop on Rua Florencio de Abreu, began manufacturing cars in the country.
The first buses that have invaded the city of São Paulo came in 1924, a consequence of the crisis that the tram going through public transportation. The first buses that circulated were called by the popular "Mama takes me." Later came to be called " bib." cars, private or public, large or small as the bus slowly took to the streets of San Paul, banishing the old trams and the animals that still serve as transport. Become essential when the city became a major metropolis. Nowadays, about eight million vehicles travel the Paulicéia.
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