The concept of sin is used in the Judeo-Christian tradition to describe the transgression of man before God's Law , the willful disobedience before a divine commandment. The concept of sin in the great monotheistic religions, Judaism, Christianity and Islam, always seen as the human inclination to err against the divine perfection, has different interpretations. Judaism describes sin as a violation of the law, not being properly seen as lacking a moral sin for the Jews is an act, not a state of the soul of man, in the passing from generation to generation, since man is endowed with free will. For Catholic Christians, sin is the inheritance that the first man, Adam, left for all generations. It is the original sin, which before the rebellion of Adam and Eve against God caused all the ills of the world. Original sin, since Adam was perfect, could only be atoned by another perfect man, if Jesus Christ, not designed strain imperfect Adam Eve, redeems humanity before his blood be shed.
In Catholic doctrine, three sins are marked: original sin, coming from the rebellion of Adam Eve in Eden, and transmitted to all generations of mankind, mortal sin, the disobedience of man after acquiring the loss the original sin through baptism, which leads to death of the soul, and venial sin, committed by a man when in a state of ignorance of the law, worthy of divine forgiveness. Through these concepts, the Catholic Church called what is now known as the seven deadly sins.
The seven deadly sins precede the actual Christianity, and vices that was known in ancient Greek culture, when he adapted the Hellenization of Christian precepts. The seven deadly sins are not found listed in the Judeo-Christian scriptures. The Bible refers to them all and so many others scattered. They just came to be sorted and grouped by the medieval church from the sixth century by Pope Gregory the Great (540-604), which took as references the apostolic letters of Paul of Tarsus. Gregory the Great held the seven deadly sins as that in contrast with venial, signified the death of the soul. Capital, from the Latin caput (head), means the seven sins are the highest of all others, which are: pride, anger, envy, greed, gluttony, sloth aea lust. To fight each deadly sin, were placed seven virtues: humility (pride), patience (anger), charity (envy), generosity (avarice), temperance (gluttony), discipline (laziness a) and chastity (lust). More than a general concept of man's opposition to the Law God, the seven deadly sins is a moral vision of the principles of Catholic Christianity and the church he represents.
Lists of the Seven Deadly Sins
The classification of the seven deadly sins is rooted in ancient traditions of the defects pointed out by Greek philosophy, the merged letters Apostolic Christian. With the conversion of Rome to Christianity, the religion loses much of its Jewish nature, suffering a Hellenization it would add philosophical principles seen as pagan. If the Greeks had the absence of sin, the virtues were pursued as an ideal. Aristotle mentioned the virtues as a fundamental principle of the pursuit of human happiness. Asceticism in the medieval Christian, Greek polytheism is replaced by the Law of God, break it was to sin against the love with which the Creator designed us. Thus, the deadly sins are at opposite ends to the virtues which, contrary to what the Greeks thought, not to serve the happiness of man medieval, but to save his soul. In more remote origin of the list of seven deadly sins, is the classification of the Pontic Greek Evagrius (346-399), an ascetic monk cristãoe, who was part of the monastic community Lower Egypt, living their experiences alongside the men of the desert. The monk drew major diseases afflicting the spiritual man, calling them the eight evils of the body. The eight crimes or human passions appeared in the Pontic Evrágio list in ascending order, as he thought he had more gravity, namely:
Gluttony, greed, lust, anger, melancholy, acedia (spiritual sloth), vanity and pride.
list, melancholy, seen by Greeks as a disease of health, is transformed into sin. Evagrius Pontic part of the concept that, as the man closed in the selfishness of himself, the sins became more intense and degrading the soul, reaching a peak with pride or arrogance. The doctrine of Evagrius
Pontic was known by the monk Joannes Cassianus, disclosed it in the east, spreading to the Christian kingdoms.
In the sixth century, Pope Gregory the Great heard the list of Greek monk, adapting it to the West. Gregory the Great reduced the list from eight to seven items. He joined the vanity of pride, gave up a acedia melancholy, and added envy. To list the pope called the seven deadly sins, which are:
Pride, envy, anger, sadness, avarice, gluttony and lust.
Gregory the Great used his own conception of hierarchy in the list, classifying it in descending order, pointing out the sins most offensive to love.
The seven deadly sins were broadcast by medieval Christendom, became symbols of the aggression of man against God, and responsible for the loss of the soul. Several lists have been compiled by theologians on them. The Dominican Thomas Aquinas made a comprehensive study on the seven sins, giving them the philosophical principles inspired by the Greek ethics. In his list, he lists as the seven deadly sins: Vanity
(pride), avarice, envy, anger, lust, gluttony and acedia (sloth). In the context
end, the church Catholic qualified human sin into two types, the sins can be forgiven through penance, sacraments and confession, and the capital sins, worthy of condemnation perdiçãoe soul. Popularized by the asceticism of medieval man, the seven deadly sins have been extensively circulated in the arts and legends of the time. In the seventeenth century, the church officially subtracted from the list of Pope Gregory the Great melancholy, considering it as a sin wave, exchanging it for the lazy. Finally, came the following day to our ranking list the seven deadly sins: Pride
(or vanity), envy, anger, sloth, avarice, gluttony and lust.
Evolution of the Seven Deadly Sins in the Contemporary World
For every sin has created a bond with the opposite, leading the seven virtues that serve as a Rescue- will the souls of sinners. They are: Humility, which fight pride; charity, which when used to neutralize envy, patience is a virtue which calms anger; discipline, which combats any idleness laziness of soul and body, generosity, powerful opponent due to greed, temperance, which avoids the excesses of gluttony, and chastity, which protects the body, safety enclosure , profit of the soul of lust.
Other associations have been made to the seven deadly sins. In the Renaissance, Peter Binsfeld compared them in 1589, with a corresponding demon. In Binsfeld's Classification of Demons following the mythic meanings commonly used, the connection of the seven sins and their demons are listed as follows:
Lilith is responsible for the temptation of the sin of pride (vanity or pride); Leviathan leads man to envy; Azazel sparks anger in the human mind; Belphegor is linked to laziness, greed personifies Mammon, Beelzebub is related to greed, and Asmodeus, the demon of sex and lust. Even
being sorted and listed by the religious and moral vision of medieval man, the seven deadly sins are still
present in Western culture. Although modern man has softened the moral concept of sin as every form of guilt puniçãoe, the Catholic Church continues to use them as parameters expiaçãoe prevention . In the XXI century, the Vatican has not only ratified, and updated the list, adapting to the reality of a world united by globalization. New deadly sins were added by Pope Benedict XVI, which are: The genetic manipulation, drug use, the inequality social, and environmental pollution, among others.
The new list of deadly sins made by the Vatican makes clear that Christians need to seek forgiveness through confession, if he commits such acts. Man against nature that affect the planet and life, continues to offend God by committing the deadly sins contemporaries.
First Sin - The Superb
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The pride, or vanity, or pride, is considered the mother of all sins. It was through her Eve led Adam into disobedience, hoping that the experience of the tree of knowledge, would become higher and independent of the Creator himself. The superb blind man, who through her, sees greatness through the distortion of ambition. When looking for perfection at the end of obsession, the man lost their limitations. So passionate we are led to seek glory, losing the essence of God at the apex of power ground.
Through pride, man transforms the autonomy of free will and choice in addiction, cheating on himself, embracing the pride, the folly and vanity, despising those who are ; it to your back and your head, as the love of God and the Law
Pride leads man to foretell the glory through deceit, going to cultivate greed ; aea hypocrisy of power, submitting to the recklessness of his own vanity mirror and looked at where vision distorted from its true. The distance
superb man of humility, a virtue that she opõea. Distancing himself from virtue, a man commits sin. Opposed to humility, pride prevents man to know himself.
Second Sin - Envy
If pride makes a man return to glory vain of himself, jealousy leads him to reach others, making it the greedy and full acts that lead to villainy. One of the most common feelings people, envy reduces the magnitude of the human being, making the unfortunate in front of other people's happiness. The man is struck by jealousy when compared sadness clings to the glory of others, being moved by a sudden and destructive force that makes you hate, or even undermine the glory or happiness of others .
Jealousy leads to gossip, intrigue and false testimony. It is a sin which can go unnoticed by those around who commits it, because fires often subtly. Being envious is a major feature of the human essence. Feeding it is often severely affect and moral principles against the designs of universal brotherhood.
Envy does not only come in the form of aiming for what the other has, but to compare the self and the other, often unconscious in an attempt to subtract the difference, leveling the feeling of not support someone who put us ahead. Envy distances itself from charity, virtue responsible for the magnificence of man before the other.
Third Sin - Wrath
Anger leads man acts of insanity, making him catch the feeling of revenge against anyone who offended him. It hurts not only the principles of divine love, as a fundamental concept of Christianity, that of turning the other cheek. Anger leads to revenge, heightened anger and limitless, which makes them verbally abuse the other, or even if it is invasive and bodily injures one who poked. Anger is complete loss of reason, indelibly affecting the construction of human morality. It is a fleeting state in the deconstruction dignity, not part of the human personality constantly. It may come as a lightning fast, turning into deadly lightning. Avoid it requires a knowledge of man himself. One can not confuse it with hate, which often manifests in a rational way. Anger is an illogical state, which loses the reason entirely. It is an irrational outburst of the soul, moving it to the sin of existence. It is the total dominance of emotion over reason.
Anger precludes the virtue of patience, causing it to lose its entirety. It may come as outrageous words against each other, or physical aggression, often dangerously. It is a destructive explosion of bad feelings, often rooted in the human unconscious. Patience is a virtue that will fight to have it, you need a great knowledge of the world around and of itself.
Room Sin - Sloth
Endowed intelligence and autonomy to create, move, perform tasks and support himself, since they lost the prosperity of the garden of Eden, man has an obligation to commit its entire capacity, doing it with praise for the Creator inherit the capacity of their actions. By quedar himself before the commitment of survival and struggle, turning up in search without limits home and pleasure in doing nothing, the man leave off and starts to neglect his spiritual good. Then he commits the sin of sloth secular, making life a bore and not a sorrow only the exterior that survives, but the inner spirit.
Laziness leads to indolence, which is not seen able to perform the acts for which God created it, being transported by inertia and a sin to despise one's own life, making it warm and without their proper value divine and sacred. Laziness prevents man from seeking new knowledge, both universal and spiritual enlightenment and limiting ideas around.
The sin of sloth makes the man does not perceive the moment, sinking into an eternal after the things without the worry of living the life that was gifted to him by the grandeur of God. Sloth is opposed to the virtue of discipline, organizaçãoe responsible for human learning, making it in front of goal that puts you ahead.
Fifth Sin - Greed
The attachment and love exacerbated by money and material goods are the main feature of avarice. The insatiable desire to possess it connects deeply with greed. The stingy man leaning on you for joining all kinds of goods, storing them and preserving them as if they had life. The heart hardens stingy, shutting the needs of others that rotate around it. The desire for material goods is part of human essence, take it as a main goal touches the capital sin of avarice. The miser
try and search through the preservation of goods, supply a lack of affection and difficulty in receiving and giving affection, making owning a fleeting sense of victory and achievement. As the greed takes over the soul, beyond personal satisfaction to material well-being, leaving the miser restless, lonely, trapped in a constant search for you want all tangible goods and materials , with prominence to the emotional and spiritual. The greed of man to take pleasure in sharing, give and live in social groups. Only your changing world in search of goods starts to make sense, the fear of losing it makes it increasingly isolated.
The sin of covetousness is opposed to the virtue of generosity. Man ceases to be generous with others, clinging to the need for money and spend it on something they can hold. It is through the generosity of that man attains its universal essence, greed undermines this view, emerging part of the petty human race, making it an isolated island.
Sixth Sin - Gluttony
The basic principles of survival of any living thing in nature, either humans or animals, are the ability to eat and sex. The food ensures that it remains alive, the sex that perpetuates itself as offspring. Food and sex guarantee the perpetuation of life through a pleasure because the welfare of all living beings. Eating and drinking is part of human happiness, the guarantee of their survival. Pleasures that are normally man transgresses, making the need desire, summing it up to satisfy the desire for a venial sin, not the pleasure of living. Sort
natural pleasure that governs our lives is not always possible, generating the sin of gluttony, which is a demand for intense pleasure in eating and drinking. The reason fades away, before succumbing to the will. The excess appetite becomes the hungry live, not on pleasure withdrawing survival. Gluttony hangs constant struggle between the pleasure of the flesh and spiritual growth, pushing the man of God, which becomes the wrath of their appetites, careless with spiritual nourishment.
Gluttony is the sin capital that contrasts with the virtue of temperance. His excesses lead to degradation of the human body itself, which once being fed more than it needs, it loses its natural balance and healthy. Health fades away if not kept with temperance.
Seventh Sin - Lust
If sex is the pleasure that man has in his basic instinct to perpetuate her offspring if he brings in excess addiction, shame and imbalance of the harmony. Lust is the inordinate and obsessive search of the pleasures of the flesh, leading us to the absolute void of feelings. The vision of sex as a deadly sin lust makes this the most controversial in the twenty-first century. The moral evolution of civilization Judeo-Christian brought the so-called sexual liberation, when sex was seen as a source of physical and psychological pleasure and not just reproductive function. Much of what was seen as a luxury by the medieval church, was diluted in the liberation of sexual mores of Western society.
Even before the sexual revolution that has touched the second half of the twentieth century, the vision of the sin of lust, sex in excess, remains the same as it stood when the pope Greek River Magno has created a list of seven deadly sins. The Dominican Thomas Aquinas, ranked lust in two parts: first, when practiced against common sense and reason, leading to excessive fornication, aggression against the principles of chastity, adultery among married couples, and incest between family members, the second part of Aquinas is lust that goes against the natural order of the venereal act, such as sexuality practiced between persons of the same sex. If Thomas Aquinas used Aristotelian ethics in his theology of the seven sins, lust with Greek philosophy he leaves, clinging to the precepts of Judeo-Christians who condemn homosexuality, making the act in the most serious within the lust, being seen as more heinous than adultery and incest.
The sin of lust is opposed to the virtue of chastity, much appreciated by man through the centuries, but has lost the importance of its essence when the cultural changes that Catholic Christianity has in recent decades. Chastity minimized though, remains an admired virtue, but failed to make essential part of the sexuality of contemporary man.
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